Arraignment
The first court hearing in a criminal case where the defendant hears the charges and enters a plea.
An arraignment is a defendant’s first formal appearance before a judge in a criminal case. At the arraignment, the judge reads the criminal charges, makes sure the defendant understands those charges, and asks the defendant to enter a plea – usually guilty, not guilty, or no contest.
In Minnesota, the judge will also address bail or conditions of release at the arraignment and inform the defendant of their rights, including the right to an attorney.
Why it matters: The arraignment sets the case in motion. If you cannot afford a lawyer, this is typically where you can ask the court to appoint a public defender. You do not need to make any final decisions about your case at this stage – most people plead not guilty at the arraignment to preserve their options.
Example: After being charged with a misdemeanor, you appear in court for your arraignment. The judge reads the charge, you plead not guilty, and the court sets a date for your next hearing.
Criminal cases, shortly after an arrest or criminal charges are filed